The Gradual Demise: Re-evaluating the Decline of the Indus Valley Civilisation         The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), or the Harappan Civilisation (3300–1300 BCE), stands as one of the world's earliest and most enigmatic urban cultures. Spanning a vast area across modern-day Pakistan and northwest India, it was a Bronze Age society renowned for it...

Illuminating the World: Diwali’s Historic Induction into UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage List   In a defining moment for global culture, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has officially inscribed Diwali, the ancient Indian Festival of Lights, onto its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This l...

The Constitutional Fortress: Understanding the Removal of a High Court Judge in India The independence of the judiciary is a cornerstone of any vibrant democracy, serving as the bedrock upon which the rule of law stands. In India, this independence is meticulously guarded by the Constitution, which insulates judges from political pressure and executive interference. However, this immunity i...

The Silent Epidemic: Unravelling the Crisis of Student Suicides in India   The recent and heartbreaking death of 16-year-old Shourya Patil in Delhi has once again pierced the collective conscience of the nation, serving as a grim reminder of a crisis that has been simmering beneath the surface of India’s education system for years. This tragic incident is not an isolated anomaly;...

The 23rd India–Russia Annual Summit: Recalibrating a Time-Tested Partnership for a Multipolar Era   The geopolitical landscape of the 21st century has been defined by rapid shifts in power dynamics, fluctuating alliances, and an increasingly complex global security architecture. Yet, amidst this flux, the relationship between New Delhi and Moscow has remained a study in constant f...

Beneath the Asphalt Reclaiming the Urban Earth for a Sustainable Future   In the twenty-first century, the definitive image of human progress has become the vertical skyline: a testament to engineering dominated by glass, steel, and concrete. As the global demographic tide shifts decisively toward metropolitan living, with projections suggesting that nearly 70% of humanity will resid...

The Great Divide: Unravelling the Geological Splitting of the African Continent A recent study utilizing archival magnetic data from the 1960s has provided distinct evidence of active seafloor spreading near the Afar triple junction. The findings confirm that the African continent is in the process of gradually splitting into two separate tectonic plates.   A Continent in Flux The...

The Echo of Ancient Waters: Unveiling the Secrets of Paraná Valles on Mars   The history of Mars is written in its scars. For centuries, astronomers gazed at the Red Planet, speculating about the canals and waterways that might crisscross its rusty surface. While the romantic notion of alien-constructed canals has long been debunked, the reality that modern science has uncovered...

Navigating New Horizons: The Evolving Dynamics of the India–US Strategic Partnership   The India–United States partnership has transformed into one of the most influential bilateral relationships of the 21st century. What began as a cautious engagement during the Cold War era has gradually matured into a wide-ranging, strategically significant partnership. Today, the relatio...

Seismic Preparedness Leap: Decoding India’s Revised Earthquake Design Code, 2025 (IS 1893:2025)   India’s seismic safety framework underwent a decisive transformation in November 2025 with the release of the revised Earthquake Design Code, IS 1893:2025, by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). This update is not merely a refinement of engineering guidelines, it represents a...