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UPSC

13.08.2025

 

UPSC

 

Context
 From 1 October 2025 to 1 October 2026, the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) will observe its 100th anniversary, honouring a century of fair, transparent, and merit-driven recruitment to India’s civil services.

 

About UPSC

The UPSC is the country’s highest constitutional authority for recruiting senior government officials through a rigorous, impartial selection process.

  • Established: 1 October 1926, based on recommendations of the Lee Commission (1924) and the Government of India Act, 1919.
     
  • Core Purpose:
     
    • Uphold merit-based selection in public service.
       
    • Conduct competitive examinations and interviews without bias.
       
    • Ensure integrity, competence, and efficiency in public administration.
       

 

Journey of Civil Service Recruitment in India

  • Before 1854 – Patronage System
     Recruitment to the East India Company’s civil services was nomination-based, with officers trained at Haileybury College, London, before deployment to India.
  • 1854 – Macaulay Committee Reforms
     Competitive examinations for the Indian Civil Service (ICS) were introduced, first held in London from 1855. The first Indian to qualify was Satyendranath Tagore in 1864.
  • 1922 – Exams Held in India
     Written examinations began in Allahabad, later shifted to Delhi, running parallel with London-based exams.
  • 1926 – Creation of the Public Service Commission
     Formed under the Public Service Commission (Functions) Rules, 1926 with Sir Ross Barker as the first chairman and four other members.
  • 1937 – Federal Public Service Commission
     Established under the Government of India Act, 1935 for the then Federation of India.
  • 1950 – Formation of the Union Public Service Commission
     With the enforcement of the Constitution of India, the UPSC came into being, with its authority and responsibilities outlined in Articles 315–323.

 

Conclusion

Marking 100 years, the UPSC remains a cornerstone of India’s governance, ensuring merit-based recruitment, integrity, and transparency in civil services, while evolving with changing times to uphold excellence in public administration for the nation’s progress.

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