Lion Census

22.05.2025

Lion Census

Context
In May 2025, the Gujarat Forest Department released the latest lion census report, showing a 32% rise in the Asiatic Lion population since 2020, marking a major success in wildlife conservation efforts in India.

About the News :

• Gujarat released new lion population data in May 2025.
• Population increased from 674 (2020) to 891 (2025).
• Major lion habitats: Gir National Park, Pania, and Girnar sanctuaries.
• Largest number found inside Gir National Park (394 lions).
• Gujarat has the most number of Lions in india.

About the Lions :

• Asiatic Lions are endemic to India, mainly in Gujarat.
• Lions live in dry deciduous forests and shrublands.
• Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN), earlier Endangered.
• CITES Appendix I: Complete ban on international trade.
• Protected under Schedule I, Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

Challenges in Conservation :

• Limited habitat makes lions vulnerable to epidemics.
   Example: 2018 virus outbreak in Gir affected dozens.
• Man-animal conflict rising in fringe villages.
   Example: Livestock killings trigger local protests.
• Lack of alternative habitats hampers relocation.
   Example: Delay in shifting lions to Kuno-Palpur Sanctuary.
• Inbreeding risk due to single population pool.
   Example: Genetic diversity remains very low.

Way Forward

• Speed up lion relocation to new areas like Kuno.
   Example: Follow SC-approved plan for translocation.
• Habitat expansion and corridor creation.
   Example: Connect Gir to other sanctuaries via green corridors.
• Engage locals in eco-tourism and protection.
   Example: Community-based tourism in Gir improves livelihoods.
• Strengthen Project Lion initiatives.
   

Conclusion

India’s focused efforts in lion conservation have led to a remarkable recovery of the Asiatic Lion population. However, sustainable growth depends on diversification of habitats and inclusive planning with local communities.