AI: Risks and the Future

AI: Risks and the Future

Important for Prilims

first international AI Security Summit, Bletchley Declaration, AI, 'AI In India' and 'Make AI work for India'

Important for Mains

Need of Artificial Intelligence, its advantages, disadvantages and challenges

Nov. 8, 2023

Context:

Recently, the first international AI Security Summit, held in the UK, discussed the importance of AI risks such as human rights protection, transparency, explainability, fairness, accountability, regulation, security, ethics, bias, privacy and data security.

First International AI Security Summit

  • The first global AI security summit was held in Bletchley Park, UK from 1 to 2 November, releasing the "Bletchley Declaration".

"Bletchley Manifesto"

  • Artificial intelligence has the potential to enhance human well-being, peace, and prosperity, but at the same time, it also has potential risks.
  • The potential risks of AI can best be addressed through international cooperation.
  • It is noteworthy that in this two-day conference, representatives of many countries including America, Britain, European Union, China and India participated.

Result:

  • Countries and regions participating in the summit agreed to work together to create an “internationally inclusive” cutting-edge AI security research network.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

About this

  • Artificial Intelligence is a full form of AI, which means artificial i.e. artificially developed intellectual ability. Artificial Intelligence is an advanced branch of computer science. In this, an attempt is made to make a machine so intelligent through computer programming, so that it can think and take decisions like humans.
  • In other words, through Artificial Intelligence, a computer system or robotic system is created, which is tried to run on the basis of the same logic on the basis of which a human brain works.

History of AI

  • AI started in the 1950s, but it got real recognition in the early 1980s. In 1981, Japan started a plan named Fifth Generation for the development of this technology. Which was a 10-year program for the development of supercomputers.
  • After Japan, Britain made a project named 'Elvi' for this.
  • European Union countries also started a program named 'Esprit'.
  • After this, in 1983, some private organizations together established an organization 'Micro-Electronics and Computer Technology' to develop advanced technologies applicable to Artificial Intelligence, such as Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits.
  • American computer scientist John McCarthy is considered to be the father of Artificial Intelligence. McCarthy first discussed the concept and possibilities of AI at the Dartmouth Conference held in 1956. According to John McCarthy, AI is the science and engineering of creating intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. Which means intelligence displayed by machines.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence

  • Currently AI is being used to provide online banking services in the form of Chat Bot.

Healthcare Sector

  • PathAI: Apart from taking care of patients suffering from cancer, it helps in finding the right treatment for them.
  • With the help of AI-microscope, accurate data about fatal blood diseases can also be obtained.
  • AI Algorithm is being used in medical imaging like X-ray, CT scan, MRI scan.
  • Apart from these, AI is very useful in many health related services including customer service chatbot, virtual health assistant, management of medical records, surgery, drug discovery and development.

Education Sector:

  • AI has proven beneficial for both students and institutions.
  • With the help of AI-powered assistant 'Amazon Alexa', students can now access educational resources without interacting with teachers.
  • AI Algorithm is being used to provide Personalized Learning Experience, through which customized curriculum and learning pace is being provided for every student.

Agricultural Industry:

  • AI is revolutionizing the agricultural industry by increasing efficiency, productivity and sustainability. In Precision Farming, AI analyzes data from sensors, drones and satellites and gives farmers accurate information about the use of water, fertilizers and pesticides based on real-time data.
  • AI algorithms can identify crop weaknesses, disease outbreaks or nutrient deficiencies, allowing farmers to take timely action to reduce wastage.

Finance Sector

  • AI is used for fraud detection and prevention, algorithmic trading, credit scoring and risk assessment in financial transactions. AI-powered chatbots are used in customer service to provide fast and accurate responses.
  • In Marketing & Advertising Sector, AI helps in targeted advertising by analyzing user preferences and behavior to deliver personalized ads. Natural Language Processing Algorithm analyzes social media data to understand customer likes and dislikes and improve brand image.

Transportation Sector

  • AI algorithms help in navigation and traffic management. They are also able to improve vehicle maintenance, reduce downtime and increase safety.

Cyber Security

  • AI helps in user authentication and fraud detection in network traffic patterns.

Defence Sector

  • AI is rapidly increasing the capabilities of military operations. AI is being used to develop automatic vehicles, drones and robots in various army exercises. This system can perform tasks like military training, surveillance, target acquisition and even war operations without direct intervention of humans.

Benefits of AI

  • Currently AI has a significant impact on communications, transportation, consumer products and service industries.

Automation:

  • The biggest feature of AI is Automation. Automation not only increases productivity in these areas, but also leads to more efficient use of raw materials, better product quality, shorter lead times and improved safety.
  • Automation can help free up resources that can be used for more important things.

Decision Making Capacity:

  • Artificial Intelligence has always been used to make better decisions.
  • AI technology can coordinate data delivery, analyze trends, provide forecasts and account for uncertainties to make the best decisions. Unless AI is programmed to mimic human emotions, it will remain unbiased on the matter and help in taking the right decision to support professional competence.

New discoveries:

  • Apart from helping in new discoveries in different fields, AI is very useful in many ways, from making everyday life easier.

Disadvantages of AI

  • Danger of loss of jobs: Use of AI can lead to loss of jobs and unemployment.
  • Bias and Fairness: AI systems designed with bias are more likely to threaten human values and emotions.
  • Threat to personal security: Use of AI system can also harm personal security because the entire AI system will be dependent on data, hence it can have adverse effects on the privacy of all the people using the internet.
  • Lack of human sensitivities: AI will not have human sensitivities, hence using it in such cases can prove fatal. Also, relying too much on it can also be harmful. This can make a person lazy, which can affect the coming generations.

AI prospects in India

  • There is immense potential for AI development in India.
  • UP government is conducting cheating-free examinations with the help of AI based Face Recognition software.
  • The government has also appealed to the industry for cooperation in creating a model for the use of Artificial Intelligence.
  • The government is trying to create an authority in this direction which will decide its rules and regulations and monitor the entire area. Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has announced several development initiatives for emerging technologies like AI in the Union Budget 2023-24.
  • According to the announcement, to help realize the vision of 'AI In India' and 'Make AI work for India', three Centers of Excellence for Artificial Intelligence will be set up in top educational institutions across the country.
  • Experts and industry have appreciated this step and said that it will give impetus to the economy and development of India.
  • The government has also made a 7-point strategy to work in the field of AI, which prepares strategies for using it:
  • Developing methods for human-machine interaction.
  • Building a capable workforce with Artificial Intelligence and R&D.
  • Ensuring the security of artificial intelligence systems.
  • Understanding and working on the ethical, legal and social aspects of Artificial Intelligence.
  • Evaluating artificial intelligence technology by considering it as standard and measuring it through benchmarks.

Conclusion:

In this way, while Artificial Intelligence is proving to be a better tool for humans, it also has many disadvantages and challenges.The whole world needs to be strategically aware to deal with the anomalies related to this.

Source: Sansad TV

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Mains Exam Question

What is the "Bletchley Manifesto"? Discuss the need of Artificial Intelligence, its advantages, disadvantages and challenges.